Table 1

 

Na

Mg

Al

Si

P

(white)

S

(rhombic)

Cl

Ar

 

Melting point

/oC

98

650

660

1410

44

118

-101

-189

 

Heat of Fusion

/kJmol-1

+2.6

+8.95

+10.95

+46.4

+0.63

+1.41

+3.20

+1.18

 

Boil pt.

/oC

890

1120

2470

2680

280

445

-34

-186

 

Heat of Vaporisation

/kJmol-1

+89.0

+128.7

+293.7

+376.7

+12.4

+9.6

+10.2

+6.5

 

Density

/gcm-3 at 25oC

0.97

1.74

2.70

2.33

1.82

2.07

1.57

1.40

 

Molar volume

/cm3 at 25oC

23.7

14.6

10.0

12.1

16.9

15.6

22.8

28.5

 

Atomic conductance x1000/ohm-1cm-4

10

16

38

4

10-16

10-22

-

-

 

Thermal conductivity

/Jcm-1s-1K-1

1.34

1.6

2.1

0.89

-

0.00029

0.00008

0.00017

 

Type of element

METALS

 

METALLOID

NON-METALS

 

 

Structure

GIANT METALLIC

 

GIANT

MOLECULAR

SIMPLE MOLECULAR

 

 


 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                Table 3

 

FORMULA

OF OXIDE

Na2O

MgO

Al2O3

SiO2

P4O6

P4O10

SO2

SO3

Cl2O7

STATE (at 20o C)

s

s

s

s

s

s

g

l

l

 

STRUCTURE

giant structures

 

simple molecular

 

 

BONDING

ionic

 

giant

covalent

simple covalent

 

CONDUCTION OF ELECTRICITY

(molten solid  or liquid )

 

good

 

good

 

good

 

very poor

no conduction

 

 

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

OF ELEMENT

En (O) = 3.5

 

1.0

 

1.25

 

1.45

 

1.74

 

2.05

 

2.45

 

2.85

 

ENTHALPY OF FORMATION

/kJ mol-1 at 298K

 

-416

 

 

-602

 

-16076

 

-910

 

-2984

(P4O10)

 

-395

(SO3)

 

+80

(Cl2O)

 

ENTHALPY OF FORMATION 

PER MOLE OF O

/kJ at 298K

 

-416

 

-602

 

-559

 

-455

 

-298

 

-132

 

+80

 

ACID / BASE CHARACTER

basic (alkaline)

basic (weakly

 alkaline)

amphoteric

acid

acid

acid

acid

 

REACTION WITH

WATER

reacts to form

alkaline solution

reacts to form

weakly alkaline

solution

no reaction

with water

no reaction

with water

hydrolyses

forming an acid solution

hydrolyses

forming an acid solution

hydrolyses

forming an acid solution

 

 

 


                                                                                                                Table 4

 

FORMULA

OF CHLORIDE

NaCl

MgCl2

AlCl3

SiCl4

PCl3

PCl5

S2Cl2

Cl2

STATE (at 20o C)

s

s

s

l

l

s

l

g

 

STRUCTURE

giant structures

simple molecular

BONDING

ionic

covalent

covalent / Van der Waals

 

CONDUCTION OF ELECTRICITY

(molten solid

or liquid )

 

good

 

good

 

poor

 

no conduction

 

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

OF ELEMENT

En (Cl) = 2.85

 

1.0

 

1.25

 

1.45

 

1.74

 

2.05

 

2.45

 

2.85

 

ENTHALPY OF

FORMATION

/kJ mol-1 at 298K

 

-411

 

 

-642

 

-1408

 

-640

 

-320

 

-60

 

0

 

ENTHALPY OF

FORMATION 

PER MOLE OF Cl

/kJ at 298K

 

-411

 

-321

 

-235

 

-160

 

-107

 

-30

 

0

 

ACID / BASE

CHARACTER

neutral

neutral

acid

acid

acid

acid

acid

 

REACTION WITH

WATER

Dissolves giving

neutral aqueous

 ions

Dissolves giving neutral aqueous

 ions

Reacts giving

acidic solution

Hydrolyses

forming an acid solution

Hydrolyses