Table 1
|
|
Na |
Mg |
Al |
Si |
P (white) |
S (rhombic) |
Cl |
Ar |
|
||||
|
Melting point /oC |
98 |
650 |
660 |
1410 |
44 |
118 |
-101 |
-189 |
|
||||
|
Heat of Fusion /kJmol-1 |
+2.6 |
+8.95 |
+10.95 |
+46.4 |
+0.63 |
+1.41 |
+3.20 |
+1.18 |
|
||||
|
Boil pt. /oC |
890 |
1120 |
2470 |
2680 |
280 |
445 |
-34 |
-186 |
|
||||
|
Heat of Vaporisation /kJmol-1 |
+89.0 |
+128.7 |
+293.7 |
+376.7 |
+12.4 |
+9.6 |
+10.2 |
+6.5 |
|
||||
|
Density /gcm-3 at 25oC |
0.97 |
1.74 |
2.70 |
2.33 |
1.82 |
2.07 |
1.57 |
1.40 |
|
||||
|
Molar volume /cm3 at 25oC |
23.7 |
14.6 |
10.0 |
12.1 |
16.9 |
15.6 |
22.8 |
28.5 |
|
||||
|
Atomic conductance
x1000/ohm-1cm-4 |
10 |
16 |
38 |
4 |
10-16 |
10-22 |
- |
- |
|
||||
|
Thermal conductivity /Jcm-1s-1K-1 |
1.34 |
1.6 |
2.1 |
0.89 |
- |
0.00029 |
0.00008 |
0.00017 |
|
||||
|
Type of element |
METALS |
METALLOID |
NON-METALS |
|
|||||||||
|
Structure |
GIANT METALLIC |
GIANT MOLECULAR |
SIMPLE MOLECULAR |
||||||||||
Table 3
|
FORMULA OF OXIDE |
Na2O |
MgO |
Al2O3 |
SiO2 |
P4O6 P4O10 |
SO2 SO3 |
Cl2O7 |
|
STATE (at 20o C) |
s |
s |
s |
s |
s s |
g l |
l |
|
||||
|
STRUCTURE |
giant structures |
simple molecular |
|
|||||||||
|
BONDING |
ionic |
giant covalent |
simple covalent |
|||||||||
|
CONDUCTION OF ELECTRICITY (molten solid
or liquid ) |
good |
good |
good |
very poor |
no conduction |
|
||||||
|
ELECTRONEGATIVITY OF ELEMENT En (O) = 3.5 |
1.0 |
1.25 |
1.45 |
1.74 |
2.05 |
2.45 |
2.85 |
|
||||
|
ENTHALPY OF FORMATION /kJ mol-1
at 298K |
-416 |
-602 |
-16076 |
-910 |
-2984 (P4O10) |
-395 (SO3) |
+80 (Cl2O) |
|
||||
|
ENTHALPY OF FORMATION PER MOLE OF O /kJ at 298K |
-416 |
-602 |
-559 |
-455 |
-298 |
-132 |
+80 |
|
||||
|
ACID / BASE CHARACTER |
basic (alkaline) |
basic (weakly alkaline) |
amphoteric |
acid |
acid |
acid |
acid |
|
||||
|
REACTION WITH WATER |
reacts to form alkaline solution |
reacts to form weakly alkaline solution |
no reaction with water |
no reaction with water |
hydrolyses forming an acid solution |
hydrolyses forming an acid solution |
hydrolyses forming an acid solution |
|
||||
Table 4
|
FORMULA OF CHLORIDE |
NaCl |
MgCl2 |
AlCl3 |
SiCl4 |
PCl3 PCl5 |
S2Cl2 |
Cl2 |
|
STATE (at 20o C) |
s |
s |
s |
l |
l s |
l |
g |
|
||||
|
STRUCTURE |
giant structures |
simple molecular |
||||||||||
|
BONDING |
ionic |
covalent |
covalent / Van der
Waals |
|
||||||||
|
CONDUCTION OF ELECTRICITY (molten solid or liquid ) |
good |
good |
poor |
no conduction |
|
|||||||
|
ELECTRONEGATIVITY OF ELEMENT En (Cl) = 2.85 |
1.0 |
1.25 |
1.45 |
1.74 |
2.05 |
2.45 |
2.85 |
|
||||
|
ENTHALPY OF FORMATION /kJ mol-1
at 298K |
-411 |
-642 |
-1408 |
-640 |
-320 |
-60 |
0 |
|
||||
|
ENTHALPY OF FORMATION PER MOLE OF Cl /kJ at 298K |
-411 |
-321 |
-235 |
-160 |
-107 |
-30 |
0 |
|
||||
|
ACID / BASE CHARACTER |
neutral |
neutral |
acid |
acid |
acid |
acid |
acid |
|
||||
|
REACTION WITH WATER |
Dissolves giving neutral aqueous ions |
Dissolves giving neutral aqueous ions |
Reacts giving acidic solution |
Hydrolyses forming an acid solution |
Hydrolyses | |||||||